Common ear problems in cats

The cat's ear consists of three main parts: the outer ear, middle ear, and inner ear. Each section has unique functions and can be affected by various diseases. The outer ear, which is most visible, is often the first area where problems become apparent.

Understanding these common ear problems is crucial for every cat owner to ensure their pet remains healthy and happy.  

How does a cat's ear work?  

The cat's ear is divided into three sections. The outer ear consists of the ear lobe and the ear canal, which includes a vertical and horizontal auditory canal. This outer part ends at the eardrum.  

Inside the eardrum lies the middle ear, an air-filled space called the tympanic cavity. This cavity contains three small bones known as the anvil, malleus, and stirrup, which help transmit sound vibrations to the inner ear.  

The inner ear is divided into two labyrinthine sections: the bony labyrinth and the membranous labyrinth. Together, these structures help with balance and sound perception. When any part of this intricate system faces issues, it can lead to various ear problems in cats.  

Common ear problems in cats  

Outer ear problems  

The outer ear is where many noticeable issues begin. Common problems include ear infections, blood ears, and ear scabies. These conditions can lead to discomfort and require prompt attention from a veterinarian.  

• Blood ear: When a cat suffers from bleeding in the ear, it is often due to ear mange or inflammation. Cats may scratch and shake their heads due to itching, causing blood vessels to burst. This results in blood accumulating in the earlobe. Bites from other cats can also lead to this issue.  
• Ear scabies: This parasitic disease primarily affects the ear canals but can also spread around the ears. Symptoms include severe itching, dark secretions in the ear, and hair loss. While some cats may experience intense itching, others may not show severe symptoms.  

Middle ear problems  

Inflammation or infections can affect the middle ear. Common issues include otitis externa and ear infections. These conditions can cause significant discomfort for your cat.  

• Ear inflammation (otitis externa): This condition is characterized by excessive scratching around the ear, redness, and a foul odour. Cats may also exhibit a discharge that appears black or brown. Otitis externa can result from bacterial or fungal infections, allergies, or even growths in the ear canal.  
• Ear infections: Ear infections can occur in the outer or middle ear. Symptoms include itching, shaking the head, and a foul smell. If left untreated, ear infections can lead to more severe complications.  

Inner ear problems  

The inner ear plays a critical role in balance and hearing. Problems here can lead to more severe issues, including deafness.  

• Deafness: Older cats may experience gradual hearing loss. If you suspect your cat is becoming deaf, consult a veterinarian to rule out any underlying ear diseases. Special equipment can test hearing in larger veterinary practices. 
• Congenital conditions: Some cats are born deaf or hard of hearing. This condition is often seen in white cats with blue eyes. If you adopt a kitten from a breeder, ask about the parents' hearing history. 

Foreign objects and injuries  

Sometimes, foreign objects can become lodged in the ear canal, leading to irritation and infection. Always check your cat's ears for any signs of debris. If your cat has sustained an injury to the ear, monitor the area closely for signs of infection.  

Solar dermatitis  

Cats that spend significant time outdoors may develop solar dermatitis, a skin condition caused by excessive sun exposure. This condition can lead to skin irritation and other complications in the ear area. If your cat has fair skin or thin fur, be mindful of sun exposure and consider providing shaded areas.  

What are cat ear infection symptoms?  

Understanding the symptoms of ear infections is essential for prompt treatment. Signs that your cat may have an ear problem include:  

• Scratching or pawing at the ears  
• Shaking the head frequently  
• Foul-smelling ears  
• Redness or swelling of the ear  
• Dark or foul-smelling discharge  
• Hair loss around the ears  

If you notice any of these symptoms, consult your veterinarian for a proper diagnosis and treatment plan.  

Reducing the risk of ear problems  

Taking proactive steps can help reduce the risk of ear problems in your cat. Here are some essential tips:  

1. Regular ear cleaning: Gently clean your cat's ears as part of their grooming routine. Use a vet-approved ear cleaner and follow the instructions carefully.  
2. Monitor grooming habits: Pay attention to how often your cat grooms themselves. Excessive licking or scratching can indicate an underlying problem.  
3. Watch for allergies: Allergies can lead to ear infections. Consult your vet about potential allergens in your cat's environment or diet.  
4. Regular vet check-ups: Schedule routine vet visits to monitor your cat's overall health, including their ears. Regular check-ups can help catch issues early. Before going to the vet, read our guide about how to make vet visits less stressful for your cat.
5. Cat insurance: Having cat insurance can help cover the cost of treatments for many ear problems, ensuring your cat gets the care it needs without unexpected expenses.